2024 population: 1,192,583 ( 11,983 from 2020)
Land area: 5279.7 square miles
Population density: 225.9 persons per square mile

2024 Census data
White:	729,880	61.20%	0.6%
Black:	344,373	28.88%	0.8%
Indian:	3,021	0.25%	2.1%
Asian:	21,349	1.79%	11.5%
2+ races:	17,812	1.49%	16.0%
Hispanic:	76,148	6.39%	14.1%

Total non-White:	462,703	38.80%	3.8%

2020-2024 Components	Number	Rate
Births:	57,377	12.1
Deaths:	60,649	12.8
Net Migration:	5,866	1.2
Net Immigration:	9,196	1.9

Change in White population:	-4,748	-0.4
Change in Non-White pop.:	16,731	1.4

Race Breakdown with Components of Population Change

[Display all years]

Year:

Total population:

White:

Black:

Indian:

Asian:

2+ races:

Hispanic:

Total non-White:

2020
1,180,600
734,628	62.22%
341,777	28.95%
2,960	0.25%
19,147	1.62%
15,351	1.30%
66,737	5.65%
445,972	37.78%

2010
1,128,047
733,656	65.04%
317,019	28.10%
2,857	0.25%
14,067	1.25%
10,948	0.97%
48,530	4.30%
394,391	34.96%

2000
1,052,238
726,196	69.01%
289,082	27.47%
2,554	0.24%
7,960	0.76%
7,397	0.70%
18,567	1.76%
326,042	30.99%

1990
956,844
694,332	72.56%
252,003	26.34%
2,104	0.22%
4,583	0.48%
n/a
3,822	0.40%
262,512	27.44%

1980
930,281
674,772	72.53%
244,988	26.33%
1,155	0.12%
2,365	0.25%
n/a
6,684	0.72%
255,509	27.47%

1970
833,075
599,663	71.98%
229,222	27.52%
463	0.06%
569	0.07%
n/a
2,935	0.35%
233,412	28.02%

Decade:

Components:

Births:

Deaths:

Net Migration:

Net Immigration:

Change in White population:

Change in Non-White pop.:

Number	Rate
2010's
133,318	11.8
108,616	9.6
-6,536	-0.6
8,428	0.7

972	0.1
51,581	4.6

Number	Rate
2000's
139,887	13.3
101,637	9.7
26,934	2.6
14,898	1.4

7,460	0.7
68,349	6.5

Number	Rate
1990's
144,486	15.1
102,461	10.7
34,407	3.6
4,605	0.5

31,864	3.3
63,530	6.6

Number	Rate
1980's
142,255	15.3
91,990	9.9
-16,277	-1.7
n/a

19,560	2.1
7,003	0.8

Number	Rate
1970's
n/a
n/a
29,957	3.6
n/a

75,109	9.0
22,097	2.7

Age, Family & Household Data for Birmingham-Hoover, AL Metro Area

[Display all years]

Year:

Median Age:

Under 18:

Voting Age Population:

Over 65:

Households:

Persons Per HH:

Families (%HH):

Married Couples (%Fams):

Single Mothers (%Fams):

Non-Family (%HH):

2024
Number	Percent
38.9
270,646	22.7%
921,937	77.3%
203,124	17.0%

465,003
2.48

303,179	65.2%
216,197	71.3%
31,491	10.4%
161,824	34.8%

2010
Number	Percent
75.0
-588,667	-52.2%
1,716,714	152.2%
292,278	25.9%

883,848
2.50

600,120	67.9%
426,466	71.1%
68,776	11.5%
283,728	32.1%

2000
Number	Percent
36.0
263,290	25.0%
788,948	75.0%
134,694	12.8%

412,096
2.50

288,891	70.1%
216,430	74.9%
31,857	11.0%
123,205	29.9%

1990
Number	Percent
33.8
244,005	25.5%
712,839	74.5%
126,441	13.2%

362,763
2.59

265,100	73.1%
207,742	78.4%
24,135	9.1%
97,663	26.9%

1980
Number	Percent
30.5
263,331	28.3%
666,950	71.7%
109,428	11.8%

332,194
2.77

253,783	76.4%
207,362	81.7%
21,310	8.4%
78,411	23.6%

2024 Housing Data for Birmingham-Hoover, AL Metro Area

Household Income
Range	Number	%
Less than $10,000	26,388	5.7%
$10,000 to $14,999	18,027	3.9%
$15,000 to $19,999	15,220	3.3%
$20,000 to $24,999	18,603	4.0%
$25,000 to $29,999	18,183	3.9%
$30,000 to $34,999	18,662	4.0%
$35,000 to $39,999	17,018	3.7%
$40,000 to $44,999	17,127	3.7%
$45,000 to $49,999	16,667	3.6%
$50,000 to $59,999	31,222	6.7%
$60,000 to $74,999	44,950	9.7%
$75,000 to $99,999	60,588	13.0%
$100,000 to $124,999	42,672	9.2%
$125,000 to $149,999	33,065	7.1%
$150,000 to $199,999	38,972	8.4%
$200,000 or more	47,639	10.2%

Median Household Income	72,218
Per Capita Income	40,383

Cost of Living Index (100 = average)
Compared to U.S.	91

Welfare Households
	Number	%
SSI	28,300	6.1%
Public Assistance	7,721	1.7%
Public Asst. or Food Stamps	59,991	12.9%

Labor Force, Ages 25-64
	Number	%
Employed	489,001	69.8%
Unemployed	23,224	3.3%
In Armed Forces	1,279	0.2%

Total Labor Force	513,504	73.3%
Not in Labor Force	187,254	26.7%

Real Unemployment Rate		30.0%

Class of Worker
	Male	Female	% Male
Private Sector	204,160	170,763	54.5%
Non-Profit	14,762	32,013	31.6%
Self-Employed	30,887	17,306	64.1%

Local Government	16,359	22,659	41.9%
State Government	11,085	16,296	40.5%
Federal Government	6,635	7,941	45.5%

Total Private + Self	235,047	188,069	55.6%
Total Non-Profit + Govt.	48,841	78,909	38.2%
Total	283,888	266,978	51.5%

Pct. Govt.	14.7%
Pct. Private + Self	76.8%

Occupation
	Number	%
Management, Business, Science, Arts	92,109	16.7%
Sales and Office Occupations	115,508	20.9%
Professional, Technical	137,834	25.0%
Service Occupations	82,013	14.9%
Farming, Forestry, Fishing	1,632	0.3%
All others	124,381	22.5%

White Collar		62.6%

Industry
	Number	%
Health care and social assistance	83,414	15.1%
Retail trade	62,236	11.3%
Manufacturing	53,541	9.7%
Educational services	50,579	9.2%
Construction	38,398	7.0%
Finance and insurance	36,409	6.6%
Accommodation and food services	35,238	6.4%
Professional, scientific, technical	35,205	6.4%
Other services	28,353	5.1%
Transportation and warehousing	25,763	4.7%
Public administration	24,391	4.4%
Administrative, support, waste mgmt.	20,651	3.7%
Wholesale trade	14,261	2.6%
Utilities	10,740	1.9%
Real estate and rental and leasing	9,716	1.8%
Information	9,007	1.6%
Arts, entertainment, recreation	7,915	1.4%
Mining, quarrying, oil/gas extraction	3,054	0.6%
Agriculture, forestry, fishing, hunting	2,437	0.4%
Management	537	0.1%

Hispanic Breakdown
Country	Number	%
Mexican	45,227	3.82%
Puerto Rican	4,393	0.37%
Cuban	2,111	0.18%
Dominican	461	0.04%

Total Central American	8,274	0.70%
Costa Rican	120	0.01%
Guatemalan	3,745	0.32%
Honduran	1,954	0.16%
Nicaraguan	168	0.01%
Panamanian	230	0.02%
Salvadoran	1,932	0.16%
Other Central American	125	0.01%

Total South American	5,244	0.44%
Argentinean	369	0.03%
Bolivian	27	0.00%
Chilean	747	0.06%
Colombian	1,781	0.15%
Ecuadorian	424	0.04%
Paraguayan	20	0.00%
Peruvian	365	0.03%
Uruguayan	0	0.00%
Venezuelan	1,464	0.12%
Other South American	47	0.00%

Other Hispanic	5,097	0.43%

Asian Breakdown
Country	Number	%
Indian	6,017	0.51%
Chinese	4,348	0.37%
Vietnamese	1,969	0.17%
Korean	1,656	0.14%
Filipino	1,475	0.12%
Japanese	691	0.06%
Taiwanese	308	0.03%
Malaysian	298	0.03%
Thai	264	0.02%

Language Spoken at Home
Language	Number	%
English	1,035,470	92.8%
Spanish	53,337	4.8%
Other Indo-European	5,965	0.5%
Chinese	3,660	0.3%
Other Asian	3,377	0.3%
Other	3,180	0.3%
Arabic	2,956	0.3%
German, other Germanic	1,789	0.2%
French, Haitian, Cajun	1,607	0.1%

Ancestry
Country	Number	%
English	151,996	12.8%
American	134,486	11.4%
Irish	87,073	7.4%
German	68,201	5.8%
Scottish	26,338	2.2%
Italian	23,719	2.0%
European	17,100	1.4%
Scotch-Irish	15,158	1.3%
French	12,045	1.0%
African	10,423	0.9%
Dutch	5,811	0.5%
Polish	5,534	0.5%
Welsh	4,827	0.4%
British	3,893	0.3%
Norwegian	3,491	0.3%

Citizenship & Nativity
	Number	%
U.S. citizen	1,151,038	97.2%
Not a citizen	33,575	2.8%

Native	1,131,132	95.5%
Foreign-born	53,481	4.5%

Educational Attainment, Population 25 Years and Older
23,854	2.9%	54,179	6.7%	224,228	27.7%	235,172	29.0%	167,866	20.7%	105,608	13.0%
Average years of education: 13.7

Population 25 Years and Older
< 9 Years	23,854	2.9%
9-12 Years	54,179	6.7%
H.S. Grad or GED	224,228	27.7%
Some College	235,172	29.0%
Bach. Degree	167,866	20.7%
Grad Degree	105,608	13.0%
Average years of education: 13.7

Labor Force Data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics
Year	Labor Force	Employed	Unemployed	Unemp. Rate	State Avg.
1990	920,794	870,774	50,020	5.4%
1991	925,486	869,828	55,658	6.0%
1992	943,506	882,460	61,046	6.5%
1993	953,836	897,944	55,892	5.9%
1994	974,586	928,962	45,624	4.7%
1995	995,476	952,812	42,664	4.3%
1996	1,010,538	974,610	35,928	3.6%
1997	1,037,390	999,632	37,758	3.6%
1998	1,049,734	1,015,460	34,274	3.3%
1999	1,054,896	1,019,836	35,060	3.3%

2000	1,061,396	1,019,754	41,642	3.9%
2001	1,059,580	1,014,408	45,172	4.3%
2002	1,052,182	999,150	53,032	5.0%
2003	1,056,546	1,002,226	54,320	5.1%
2004	1,060,626	1,009,124	51,502	4.9%
2005	1,058,352	1,015,254	43,098	4.1%
2006	1,072,064	1,032,474	39,590	3.7%
2007	1,071,556	1,032,506	39,050	3.6%
2008	1,066,084	1,010,568	55,516	5.2%
2009	1,050,464	951,862	98,602	9.4%

2010	1,080,050	975,692	104,358	9.7%
2011	1,085,942	991,480	94,462	8.7%
2012	1,081,158	1,003,690	77,468	7.2%
2013	1,080,000	1,010,886	69,114	6.4%
2014	1,073,532	1,009,744	63,788	5.9%
2015	1,068,240	1,009,412	58,828	5.5%
2016	1,066,726	1,008,224	58,502	5.5%
2017	1,073,390	1,028,572	44,818	4.2%
2018	1,093,162	1,054,732	38,430	3.5%
2019	1,105,472	1,075,150	30,322	2.7%

2020	1,095,814	1,035,686	60,128	5.5%
2021	1,121,354	1,086,728	34,626	3.1%
2022	1,134,416	1,107,506	26,910	2.4%
2023	1,141,408	1,115,332	26,076	2.3%
2024	1,143,228	1,110,352	32,876	2.9%

Housing Data
	Number	%
Housing Units	526,287
Median Value	$240,351

Occupied	465,003	88.4%
Vacant	61,284	11.6%

Owned	329,222	70.8%
Rented	135,781	29.2%
Median Rent	$1,156

Single-Family Units	381,117	72.4%
Detached	367,076	69.7%
Attached	14,041	2.7%
Buldings with 5+ Units	75,630	14.4%
Mobile Homes	47,622	9.0%

Birmingham-Hoover, AL Metro Area

Race Breakdown with Components of Population Change

Age, Family & Household Data for Birmingham-Hoover, AL Metro Area

2024 Housing Data for Birmingham-Hoover, AL Metro Area

2024 Income & Employment Data for Birmingham-Hoover, AL Metro Area

2024 Ancestry, Citizenship & Language Data for Birmingham-Hoover, AL Metro Area

2024 Educational Attainment Data for Birmingham-Hoover, AL Metro Area

Historical Labor Force Data for Birmingham-Hoover, AL Metro Area